India me logon ke beech sabse zyada confusion isi baat par hota hai ki “Kabja kitne saal me legal ho jata hai?” Kya 12 saal ka rule hota hai? Kya 30 saal hota hai? Private land aur sarkari land me kya difference hota hai?
Is article me hum Adverse Possession Law ko bilkul simple Hindi + Hinglish me explain karenge, jaise WordPress users ko pasand hota hai.
Adverse Possession Kya Hota Hai?
Adverse possession ka simple matlab hota hai:
Agar koi aadmi kisi jameen par bina permission ke, lekin khule taur par, lagatar, bina rukawat ke kai saalon tak kabza rakhta hai, to ek samay ke baad uska kabza kanooni dhang se strong ho jata hai.
Court kabza ko illegal tab tak maanta hai jab tak owner action le. Agar owner lambey samay tak chup rahe, to law kabjedaar ko priority de deta hai.
Kabja Kitne Saal Me Legal Hota Hai? (MOST IMPORTANT PART)
1. Private Land (Kisi aadmi ki jameen)
Private property par adverse possession ke liye minimum time:
12 Saal Lagatar Kabza
Agar koi aadmi 12 saal tak kisi private land par:
- lagatar rehta ho
- bina rukawat
- bina permission
- openly (chhupkar nahi)
- aur malik ne kabhi case/notice nahi diya
To court kabjedaar ko right de sakta hai.
Isko bolte hain 12-year rule for private land.
2. Sarkari / Nazul / Government Land
Sarkari land par kabza legal banana bahut tough hota hai.
Yaha time limit:
30 Saal Lagatar Kabza
Matlab government land par:
- continuous 30 years kabza
- koi eviction notice na ho
- koi government object na kare
- kabza open ho
Tab jaake court kabjedaar ko sunta hai.
But practically, government land par adverse possession kabhi accept nahi hota, kyunki government kabhi na kabhi action le hi leti hai.
Kabza Legal Hona Tabhi Possible Hai Jab Ye 5 Sharten Puri Ho
Court adverse possession tabhi deta hai jab ye 5 conditions ka proof mile:
1. Continuous Kabza
Kabza break nahi hona chahiye.
Gaps aaye to case weak.
2. Open Kabza
Kabza chhupakar nahi, openly hona chahiye.
Ghar-dwar, boundary, tax, bijli bill—jo bhi proof ho.
3. Hostile Kabza
Hostile ka simple matlab:
Owner ki marzi ke khilaf kabza, bina permission.
4. Exclusive Possession
Sirf kabjedaar hi use kare.
Shared ya temporary kabza count nahi hota.
5. Owner Ne Kabhi Objection Nahi Kiya
Owner ne 12 saal (private) ya 30 saal (government) ke andar koi legal step nahi liya.
Adverse Possession Se Kabza Legal Kaise Hota Hai?
Kabza legal tab “declare” hota hai jab kabjedaar court me suit file kare:
“Declaration of Title by Adverse Possession”
Tab court purane documents, neighbours ke statements, tax receipts, purani photos, maps sab check karta hai.
Kabza automatic legal nahi hota—
Court declare karta hai, tabhi title milta hai.
Kabza Legal Ho Jaye To Owner Ka Right Khatam?
Haan, agar court kabza ko legal declare kar de to:
- purane owner ka right khatam
- kabjedaar land ka new lawful owner ban jata hai
- mutation bhi uske naam ho sakta hai
Ye law isliye bana hai kyunki India me purani jameen me owners aksar decades tak action nahi lete.
Important Difference: Kabza vs Ownership
- Kabza = Physical possession
- Ownership = Legal right
Kabza strong ho sakta hai, par ownership tabhi milti hai jab court declare kare.
Kaunse Kabje Kabhi Legal Nahi Hote?
Ye kabza chahe 100 saal ka ho, phir bhi legal nahi hota:
- Forest land
- Railway land
- Highway land
- Pond, talab, river land
- School, hospital, public utility land
- Nazul land (mostly)
In par kabza kabhi owner nahi bana sakta.
Final Summary
- Private jameen → 12 saal me kabza strong ho sakta hai
- Sarkari/nazul → 30 saal ka rule, par practically bahut rare
- Kabza tabhi legal hota hai jab court declare kare
- Kabza hona ≠ ownership hona
- Adverse possession ek strong legal tool hai but har case alag hota hai